Breast cancer, one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, involves the growth of malignant cells (cancer cells) in the breast tissue. It can occur in both women and men, although it’s much more frequent in women. Breast cancer can manifest in various forms, with the most common type being invasive ductal carcinoma. Understanding the risk factors, which include genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors, is crucial. Early detection through self-examinations and regular screenings like mammograms significantly increases treatment success rates.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, starting in the milk ducts and then invading nearby breast tissue. It can potentially spread to other parts of the body as well. Symptoms of IDC may include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, and skin dimpling. Early detection and treatment are vital for the best outcomes.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) begins in the milk-producing lobules of the breast and can spread to other body parts. It is less common than IDC. ILC might not always form a distinct lump, which can make it harder to detect through physical examination. Symptoms can include thickening or hardening in the breast rather than a distinct lump, changes in breast texture, and nipple inversion.
Non-Invasive Breast Cancer
Non-invasive breast cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), are early forms of cancer confined to the milk ducts and have not spread to surrounding tissue. Although not life-threatening, DCIS can increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer later. Early detection of DCIS is often possible through mammography.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer is a more aggressive and difficult to treat form of the disease. It’s called triple-negative because the cancer cells lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making hormone therapy and some other treatments ineffective. This type of cancer requires a more aggressive treatment approach, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
HER2-positive breast cancer is characterized by cancer cells that have higher levels of the HER2 protein, which promotes cancer cell growth. This type of cancer tends to be more aggressive but may respond well to treatments specifically targeting the HER2 protein, such as targeted therapy drugs.